It appears my issue was in the fetching of the dataset. Here's code that works. Thank you Matt.

function initMap() {
    // Create a map centered on Texas
    var map = L.map('map').setView([31.9686, -99.9018], 6);
 
    // Add OpenStreetMap tile layer
    L.tileLayer('https://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {
        attribution: '&copy; <a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright">OpenStreetMap</a> contributors'
    }).addTo(map);
 
    // Define a smaller dot style
    var dotStyle = {
        radius: 5,        // Size of the dot
        fillColor: '#ff7800', // Dot color
        color: '#000',    // Dot border color
        weight: 1,        // Border thickness
        opacity: 1,      // Border opacity
        fillOpacity: 0.8  // Dot fill opacity
    };
 
    // Function to check if a value is a valid number
    function isValidNumber(value) {
        return typeof value === 'number' && !isNaN(value);
    }
 
    // Fetch data from `dataset0`
    domo.get('/data/v1/dataset0').then(function(response) {
        // Log fetched data to a div
        const logDiv = document.createElement('div');
        logDiv.innerHTML = '<strong>Fetched data from dataset0:</strong><br>' + JSON.stringify(response, null, 2);
        document.body.appendChild(logDiv);
 
        response.forEach(function(record) {
            // Log each record to a div
            const recordDiv = document.createElement('div');
            recordDiv.innerHTML = '<strong>Record:</strong><br>' + JSON.stringify(record, null, 2);
            document.body.appendChild(recordDiv);
 
            // Check if latitude and longitude are valid numbers
            if (isValidNumber(record.latitude) && isValidNumber(record.longitude)) {
                const validCoordDiv = document.createElement('div');
                validCoordDiv.innerHTML = '<strong>Valid coordinates:</strong><br> Latitude: ' + record.latitude + ', Longitude: ' + record.longitude;
                document.body.appendChild(validCoordDiv);
 
                L.circleMarker([record.latitude, record.longitude], dotStyle)
                    .addTo(map)
                    .bindPopup(record.name + '<br>' + record.address_line1 + '<br>' + record.city + ', ' + record.state + ' ' + record.zipcode);
            } else {
                const invalidCoordDiv = document.createElement('div');
                invalidCoordDiv.innerHTML = '<strong>Invalid coordinates:</strong><br> Latitude: ' + record.latitude + ', Longitude: ' + record.longitude;
                document.body.appendChild(invalidCoordDiv);
            }
        });
    }).catch(function(error) {
        const errorDiv = document.createElement('div');
        errorDiv.innerHTML = '<strong>Error fetching data from dataset0:</strong><br>' + error;
        document.body.appendChild(errorDiv);
        console.error('Error fetching data from dataset0:', error);
    });
}
 
// Initialize the map
initMap();